COTS Control Innovation Program
A targeted research program aimed at boosting capacity to predict, detect and respond to COTS outbreaks at scale across the Great Barrier Reef.

#Delivering innovation for real-world impact.
CCIP is a collaborative research partnership between the Foundation and leading institutions with COTS expertise – AIMS, CSIRO, James Cook University and the University of Queensland. Our research directly improves the on-ground approach to coral protection by the COTS Control Program, led by the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. Every coral we save from COTS can reproduce and help repopulate damaged areas.
Find out about the impact of the program here in the Synthesis & Impact Report 2021-2024.

#About the Innovation Program
The innovation program brings together Australia's leading experts to collaborate on solutions to the COTS threat. It is the first of its kind, with over 90 multi-disciplinary experts working together under one program with a clear focus on delivering innovation that will drive progress in our ability to predict, detect and respond to these damaging outbreaks. The program was initially funded with $9.8m from the partnership between the Foundation and the Australian Government’s Reef Trust. Research partners co-contributed an additional $8m.
In 2020-21, the program underwent an initial design phase to prioritise the research investment. The design process engaged over 40 scientific experts and stakeholders who assessed the feasibility and benefit of a broad range of possible research investments. These experts recommended investment in a portfolio focused on research and innovation that will help us supress and prevent future outbreaks.
From 2021 to 2024, the CCIP research portfolio included 24 projects addressing key gaps in knowledge and capability across COTS biology and ecology, genetics, data science, engineering, modelling, decision science, and social science research. Program delivery was guided by a Research Impact Plan and CCIP researchers worked closely with reef managers and the COTS Control Program to ensure that innovations were fit-for-purpose for real-world application. Effective COTS control is a critical part of the toolbox of interventions the Reef needs to cope with climate change, and it complements other interventions developed under RRAP.
In June 2024, as projects across the innovation program began to wrap up, the Reef Trust Partnership secured an additional $1.7m in funding to (1) support the translation and application of CCIP research in the COTS Control Program, and (2) design a new innovation program that builds on the outcomes of CCIP.
#CCIP Research Projects
Research projects in the CCIP portfolio were organised into subprogram themes. Researchers worked with their colleagues within and across subprograms to maximise impact and ensure cross-disciplinary knowledge was widely shared.

#Early Investment Projects
Three projects were selected for early investment totalling $190k while the full portfolio was being designed. These were strategically important as they filled critical knowledge gaps, were time critical and built momentum for research to be undertaken in the R&D Phase.
Semiochemical deployment
Project team: AIMS (lead), UQ, CSIRO, USC
Initiation zone COTS surveys
Project team: JCU (lead), AIMS
Initiation zone water quality modelling
Project team: AIMS (lead), CSIRO
#Prediction subprogram
Through an investment of $1.62m, the six projects in the Prediction subprogram delivered new empirical knowledge of when, where and how outbreaks develop to inform early detection and response. Projects focused on COTS ecology and biology, understanding the role of predators in mitigating outbreaks, feeding rates and population dynamics.
In-situ feeding rates
Project team: JCU (lead), USYD, UTAS
Population collapse
Project team: JCU (lead), AIMS
Juvenile ecology and resilience
Project team: USYD (lead), SCU

Benthic predation in rubble
Project team: UQ (lead), AIMS, SCU

Fish predation rates and zoning
Project team: JCU (lead), SCU, UTAS

Pre-outbreak monitoring
Project team: JCU (lead), AIMS

#Detection Subprogram
Through an investment of $2.47m, the four projects in the Detection subprogram developed a new suite of tools and technologies to dramatically improve the safety and efficiency of COTS monitoring and surveillance methods and provided enhanced data outputs to inform on-water response.
COTS monitoring design
Project team: CSIRO (lead), AIMS, JCU, GBRMPA
Tool comparison
Project team: CSIRO (lead), AIMS, JCU
Operationalising eDNA monitoring
Project team: AIMS (lead)
The COTS Surveillance System
Project team: AIMS (lead), CSIRO
#Response Subprogram
Through an investment of $3.37m, the 11 projects in the Response subprogram delivered innovation in outbreak response models, strategies and decision support tools to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the COTS Control Program to suppress future outbreaks. The research also added to our understanding of the cultural and socio-economic benefits of COTS control and the regulatory implications of novel control methods.
Information Infrastructure
Project team: CSIRO (lead), JCU, QUT, UQ, GBRMPA

Empirical Decision Support
Project team: CSIRO (lead), JCU, GBRMPA
Reef-scale modelling
Project team: CSIRO (lead), UQ
Regional modelling
Project team: UQ (co-lead), CSIRO (co-lead), GBRMPA
COTS dispersal ensemble modelling
Project team: JCU (co-lead), QUT (co-lead), UQ, UCL
Cost effectiveness of control
Project team: CSIRO (lead), UQ, GBRMPA
Multi-criteria decision-making for reef prioritisation
Project team: QUT (lead), CSIRO, GBRMPA
Stakeholder perceptions and co-benefits
Project team: JCU (lead), UQ
Reef Traditional Owner co-design and values assessment
Project team: JCU (lead), CSIRO
Fish predator conservation for biocontrol
Project team: AIMS (lead), CSIRO, GBRMPA
Semiochemical biocontrol
Project team: AIMS (lead), CSIRO, UQ, USC
#Research Translation
After three years of dedicated research effort (2021-2024), CCIP has delivered over 120 outputs including new knowledge, plans, decision support tools, modelling predictions, methods and technologies. Our program is committed to ensuring this research is translated into wisdom that can be applied in COTS management to better protect coral reefs. With this goal in mind, CCIP partners have prioritised investment in eight Research Translation projects in 2025. These projects will see researchers and managers working together to apply and operationalise research findings in COTS Control Program systems and processes.
#Latest news and science highlights
#Publications
Read the latest CCIP peer-reviewed publications:
1. Castro-Sanguino C, Bozec Y-M, Condie SA, Fletcher CS, Hock K, Roelfsema C, Westcott DA, Mumby PJ. (2023) Control efforts of crown-of-thorns starfish outbreaks to limit future coral decline across the Great Barrier Reef. Ecosphere, 14:e4580. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4580
2. Chandler JF, Burn D, Caballes CF, Doll PC, Kwong SL, Lang BJ, Pacey KI, Pratchett M. (2023) Increasing densities of Pacific crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster cf. solaris) at Lizard Island, northern Great Barrier Reef, resolved using a novel survey method. Scientific Reports, 13:19306. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-46749-x
4. Desbiens AA, Mumby PJ, Dworjanyn S, Plagányi, EE, Uthicke S, Wolfe K. (2023) Novel rubble-dwelling predators of herbivorous juvenile crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster sp.). Coral Reefs, 42:579–591. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-023-02364-w
5. Goodhill C, Desbiens AA, Wolfe K. (2024) Biology and epibiont community of the red decorator crab, Schizophrys aspera, on the Southern Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 43:455-466. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-024-02479-8
6. Harris RJ, Barnard DI, Paxton G, Lockie S, Craik DJ, Cummins SF, Wang CK, Motti CA. (2025) The future of utilising semiochemical pest control methods to manage the destructive crown-of-thorns starfish outbreaks on coral reefs, Biological Conservation, 302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2025.110984
7. Harris RJ, Hillberg AK, Bastin LD, Lausen BS, Suwansa-Ard S, Wang T, Elizur A, Kikuchi S, Nakashima K, Satoh N, Motti CA, Cummins SF. (2025) A family of crown-of-thorns starfish spine-secreted proteins modify adult conspecific behaviour, iScience, 112161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2025.112161
8. Kroon FJ, Crosswell J, Robson BJ. (2023) The effect of catchment load reductions on water quality in the crown-of-thorns starfish outbreak initiation zone. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 195:115255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115255
9. Lockie S, Bartelet HA, Ritchie BW, Sie L, Paxton G. (2024) Quantifying public support for culling crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster spp.) on the Great Barrier Reef. Conservation Science and Practice, e13252. https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13252
10. Rogers JGD, Plagányi ÉE, Blamey LK, Desbiens AA. (2024) Validating effectiveness of crown-of-thorns starfish control thresholds to limit coral loss throughout the Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-024-02560-2
11. Skinner C, Bozec YM, Matthews SA, Williamson DH, Beeden R, Mumby PJ. (2024) Advancing projections of crown-of-thorns starfish to support management interventions. Sci Total Environ. 950:175282. http://Doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175282
12. Uthicke S, Doyle JR, Gomez Cabrera M, Patel F, McLatchie MJ, Doll PC, Chandler JF, Pratchett MS. (2024) eDNA monitoring detects new outbreak wave of corallivorous seastar (Acanthaster cf. solaris) at Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs. 43:857-866 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-024-02506-8
13. Webb M, Clements M, Selvakumaraswamu P, McLaren E, Byrne M. (2024) Chemosensory behaviour of juvenile crown-of-thorns sea star (###i
15. Wolfe K, Desbiens AA, Pietsch E, Mumby PJ. (2023) Habitat and distribution of the red decorator crab, Schizophrys aspera, a cryptic crown-of-thorns seastar predator. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 80(8):2114–2124. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsad136
16. Wolfe K, Desbiens AA, Patel F, Kwong S, Fisher E, Mumby PJ, Uthicke S, (2025) eDNA confirms lower trophic interactions help to modulate population outbreaks of the notorious crown-of-thorns sea star. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 122 (11) e2424560122. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2424560122
#Reports
Read the latest CCIP technical reports:
- Bonin MC, Robillot C, Brinkman R, Taylor B, Burrows D, Mumby P, Morris S, Beeden R, Fisher E, Johnson M, Schaffelke B, Morgan C (2022) COTS Control Innovation Program Investment Plan. A report to the Australian Government by the COTS Control Innovation Program (16 pp). CCIP-Investment-Plan.pdf (barrierreef.org)
CCIP (2024) A Research Impact Plan for the COTS Control Innovation Program (6 pp). CCIP-Research-Impact-Plan-Final.pdf (barrierreef.org)
Fletcher CS, Bonin MC, Caballes CF, Gómez-Cabrera MC, Kroon FJ, Mankad, A, Pratchett MS, Uthicke S, Westcott DA (2021) Design of the COTS Control Innovation Program: a technical report and recommendations. A report to the Australian Government by the COTS Control Innovation Program (149 pp). CCIP-Design-Phase-Technical-Report.pdf (barrierreef.org)
Motti CA, Vasile R, Robson B, Høj L, Wang CK, Craik DJ, Degnan BM, Degnan SM, Cummins SF, Martini A, Edwards O (2022) Deployment of semiochemical control agents to manage Crown-of-Thorns starfish populations. A report to the Australian Government by the COTS Control Innovation Program (80 pp). CCIP-EIP-01-Early-Investment-Project-Semiochemical-delivery-Final-report.pdf (barrierreef.org)
Pratchett MS, Caballes CF, Burn D, Doll PC, Chandler JF, Doyle JR, Uthicke S (2022) Scooter-assisted large area diver-based (SALAD) visual surveys to test for renewed outbreaks of crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster cf. solaris) in the northern Great Barrier Reef. A report to the Australian Government by the COTS Control Innovation Program (32 pp). CCIP-EIP-02-Early-Investment-Project-COTS-Surveys-Final-Report.pdf (barrierreef.org)
Sivapalan M (2021) CCIP Feasibility and Design Phase: Application of Structured Decision Making to Guide Investment Prioritisation and Program Design. A summary report prepared for the Great Barrier Reef Foundation, Adaptus, Perth, Australia. CCIP-Design-Phase-Prioritisation-Process.pdf (barrierreef.org)